Ministry of Higher Education	World Bank	Ford Foundation

Ministry of Higher Education

• It was established in 1961 upon issuance of the Republican Decree no. 1665/1961
• The Ministry’s Headquarters is situated at 30 Al Mobtadayan Str., Sayeda Zeinab, Cairo The Minister’s office is at 101 Kasr Al Aini Str., Cairo Prof. Amr E. Salama has assumed the Ministry’s responsibilities since 12/07/2004 The Ministry’s main objective is disseminating higher education and post-secondary education at various levels and types,
• Other objectives are upgrading the quality standards of the teaching staff, considering and proposing educational policies, formulating plans and programs to implement such policies

• The following figures have been posted as the ‘Minster of Higher Education’:

World Bank

In 2004 the World Bank provided $20.1 billion for 245 projects in developing countries worldwide, with its finance and/or technical expertise aimed at helping those countries reduce poverty.

We live in a world so rich that global income is more than $31 trillion a year. In this world, the average person in some countries earns more than $40,000 a year. But in this same world, 2.8 billion people—more than half the people in developing countries—live on less than $700 a year. Of these, 1.2 billion earn less than $1 a day.  

As a result, 33,000 children die every day in developing countries. In these countries, each minute more than one woman dies during childbirth. Poverty keeps more than 100 million children, most of them girls, out of school.

The challenge of reducing these levels of poverty, while the population continues to grow—by an estimated 3 billion people over the next 50 years—is enormous.  

The World Bank works to bridge this divide and turn rich country resources into poor country growth. One of the world’s largest sources of development assistance, the World Bank supports the efforts of developing country governments to build schools and health centers, provide water and electricity, fight disease, and protect the environment.

Not a bank, but rather a specialized agency. The World Bank is not a “bank” in the common sense. It is one of the United Nations’ specialized agencies, and is made up of 184 member countries. These countries are jointly responsible for how the institution is financed and how its money is spent. Along with the rest of the development community, the World Bank centers its efforts on reaching the Millennium Development Goals, agreed to by UN members in 2000 and aimed at sustainable poverty reduction.

The "World Bank" is the name that has come to be used for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). Together these organizations provide low-interest loans, interest-free credit, and grants to developing countries.

Some 10,000 development professionals from nearly every country in the world work in the World Bank's Washington DC headquarters or in its 109 country offices.

$9 billion in assistance. The world’s low-income countries generally cannot borrow money in international markets or can only do so at high interest rates. In addition to direct contributions and loans from developed countries, these countries receive grants, interest-free loans, and technical assistance from the World Bank to enable them to provide basic services. In the case of the loans, countries have 35-40 years to repay, with a 10-year grace period.

In fiscal 2004 IDA provided $9 billion in financing for 158 projects in 62 low-income countries.

Interest-free credit and grant financing comes from IDA, the world’s largest source of concessional assistance. Some 40 rich countries provide the money for this funding by making contributions every four years. The fund was replenished most recently in 2002, with nearly $9 billion from donors and another $6.6 billion from the Bank’s resources. At that time, donors agreed on increased use of IDA grants—up to 21 percent of resources—to help address the special difficulties, such as the HIV/AIDS epidemic, faced by the poorest and most vulnerable countries.

IDA credits make up about one-quarter of the Bank’s financial assistance. Aside from IDA funds, very little of the Bank’s income is provided by its member countries.

$11 billion in loans. Higher-income developing countries—some of which can borrow from commercial sources, but generally only at very high interest rates—receive loans from the IBRD.

Countries that borrow from the IBRD have more time to repay than if they borrowed from a commercial bank—15 to 20 years with a three-to-five-year grace period before the repayment of principal begins. Developing country governments borrow money for specific programs, including poverty reduction efforts, delivery of social services, protection of the environment, and promotion of economic growth that will improve living standards. In fiscal 2004 IBRD provided loans totaling $11 billion in support of 87 projects in 33 countries.

Raising capital. The IBRD raises almost all its money in the world’s financial markets—$13 billion in fiscal 2004. With a AAA credit rating, it issues bonds to raise money and then passes on the low interest rates to its borrowers.

The World Bank Group. In addition to IBRD and IDA, three other organizations make up the World Bank Group. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) promotes private sector investment by supporting high-risk sectors and countries. The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) provides political risk insurance (guarantees) to investors in and lenders to developing countries. And the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) settles investment disputes between foreign investors and their host countries.

Global goods. Over the past few years, the World Bank has put significant resources into activities meant to have global impact. One is debt relief, and under the enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, 26 poor countries have received debt relief which will save them $41 billion over time. The money these countries save in debt repayments will instead be put into housing, education, health, and welfare programs for the poor.

The World Bank, along with 189 countries and numerous organizations, has committed to an unprecedented global partnership to fight poverty. The Millennium Development Goals define specific targets in terms of school enrolments, child mortality, maternal health, disease, and access to water to be met by 2015.

Among numerous other global partnerships, the World Bank has put supporting the fight against HIV/AIDS at the top of its agenda. It is the world’s largest long-term financer of HIV/AIDS programs. Current Bank commitments for HIV/AIDS amount to more than $1.3 billion, with half of that for sub-Saharan Africa.

Corruption and fraud. The World Bank works with countries in their anti-corruption efforts and has as well a number of mechanisms in place to prevent corruption and fraud in bank-financed projects. The  Department of Institutional Integrity has a 24-hour Fraud and Corruption Hotline: 1-

800-831-0463.

The variety of work on the ground. The Bank is currently involved in more than 1,800 projects in virtually every sector and developing country. These are as diverse as providing  microcredit in Bosnia Herzegovina and raising  AIDS awareness in communities in Guinea, supporting  education of girls in Bangladesh and improving  health care delivery in Mexico, helping  East Timor rebuild upon independence or  India to rebuild Gujarat after a devastating earthquake.

In addition, to a small selection of  project profiles, the  Countries and Projects sections of this website provide details of the Bank’s work on the ground.

FORD Foundation

The Ford Foundation is a resource for innovative people and institutions worldwide. Our goals are to:

This has been our purpose for more than half a century.

Created with gifts and bequests by Henry and Edsel Ford, the Foundation is an independent organization, with its own board, and is entirely separate from the Ford Motor Company.

A fundamental challenge facing every society is to create political, economic and social systems that promote peace, human welfare and the sustainability of the environment on which life depends. We believe that the best way to meet this challenge is to encourage initiatives by those living and working closest to where problems are located; to promote collaboration among the nonprofit, government and business sectors; and to ensure participation by men and women from diverse communities and at all levels of society. In our experience, such activities help build common understanding, enhance excellence, enable people to improve their lives and reinforce their commitment to society.

The Ford Foundation is one source of support for these activities. We work mainly by making grants or loans that build knowledge and strengthen organizations and networks. Since our financial resources are modest in comparison with societal needs, we focus on a limited number of problem areas and program strategies within our broad goals.

Founded in 1936, the foundation operated as a local philanthropy in the state of Michigan until 1950, when it expanded to become a national and international foundation. Since its inception it has been an independent, nonprofit, nongovernmental organization. It has provided more than $12 billion for grants, projects and loans. These funds derive from an investment portfolio that began with gifts and bequests of Ford Motor Company stock by Henry and Edsel Ford. The foundation no longer owns Ford Motor Company stock, and its diversified portfolio is managed to provide a perpetual source of support for the foundation’s programs and operations.

The trustees of the foundation set policy and delegate authority to the president and senior staff for the foundation’s grant making and operations. Program officers in the United States, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Latin America and Russia explore opportunities to pursue the foundation’s goals, formulate strategies and recommend proposals for funding.